Lapho izikhungo zamakhemikhali zilungiselela ukuthenga ama-forklift amasha, izingxoxo nabahlinzeki ngokuvamile zilandela iphethini evamile.
"Sidinga i-forklift yamathani angu-3." "Ubude obudingekayo bokuphakamisa bungamamitha angu-5." "Ungakwazi ukunikeza amamodeli ngesitifiketi se-ATEX?"
Lezi zicelo zinengqondo. Yonke iphrojekthi ye-forklift ekugcineni ifika ekucacisweni, isikhathi sokuhola kanye nesabelomali.
Noma kunjalo, ngemva kokweseka abakhiqizi abaningi bamakhemikhali, sifinyelele esiphethweni esicacile:ukukhethwa kwemishini kufaneleungaqali nge-forklift.
Umbuzo obalulekile awuwona:Iyiphi{0}i-forklift yobufakazi bokuqhuma okufanele siyithenge?
Kunalokho, opharetha kufanele bacabangele kuqala:Yiziphi izimo zokusebenza le forklift ezohlangana nazo uma ingena kusayithi?
Ama-Forklift aphatha amaphalethi aqediwe ngaphakathi kwezindawo zokugcina izimpahla ezijwayelekile asebenza ngaphakathi kwezindawo ezinzile, ezibikezelwayo. Izimo ngaphakathi kwezitshalo zamakhemikhali zihluke kakhulu.
Iyunithi ingase ithuthe-Iziqukathi Zenqwaba Ephakathi (IBCs) ezigcwalisiwe iziyise epulazini lamathangi ekuseni, iphakele izinto ezingavuthiwe emigqeni yokukhiqiza exutshwe usuku lonke, futhi ilethe imigqomo yamakhemikhali egcwele ezindaweni zokugcina izimpahla eziyingozi ngaphambi kokunikezelwa kweshifu. Emzileni wayo, i-forklift izodlula ezindaweni eziyingozi eziningi, izindawo zokukhiqiza eziwumngcingo, izindawo zokubeka amapayipi, izindawo zokuwasha{2}}zaphansi kanye nezimpambuko zokulayisha ngaphandle. Yonke ingxenye yalowo mzila ibeka izidingo ezihlukene emishinini.
Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, abaphathi abanolwazi Lwemvelo, Impilo Nokuphepha (EHS) kanye nonjiniyela bezitshalo banikela umzamo omkhulu kakhulu wokuhlola izindawo zokusebenza kunokuqhathanisa imingcele yobuchwepheshe ye-forklift.
Lapho ukhetha imishini yezindawo eziyingozi, ukukhetha okungalungile akugcini nje emishinini engenawo amandla.
Kwesinye isikhathi ukukhetha iloli eliqinisekiswe ngokuphelele ngezimo zokusebenza ezingalungile.
Kungani Ukuqhuma-Isitifiketi Sobufakazi Sodwa Singakwazi Ukuxazulula Izingozi Eziyinhloko
Abathengi abaningi bacabanga ukuthi isinqumo siba siqondile uma sebazi ukuhlukaniswa kwendawo eyingozi.
"Uma indawo iyi-Zone 1, thenga i-Zone 1{2}}elinganiselwe ukuqhuma kweforklift." "Uma iwela ngaphansi kwe-Zone 2, cacisa amamodeli athobela i-Zone 2."
Le logic ibonakala izwakala phezulu.
Izimo zangempela-zokukhiqiza zomhlaba, nokho, ziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwezindawo eziyingozi kuchaza izindawo lapho umkhathi oqhumayo ungenzeka khona. Nakuba kungenye yemibono ebaluleke kakhulu ekukhethweni kwemishini, iyingxenye eyodwa kuphela yohlaka olugcwele lokuhlola ubungozi.
Umbiko wokuhlolwa kwendawo eyingozi ungaphezulu kakhulu kohlu olulula lokuhlukaniswa kwezindawo. Lapho bechaza izindawo ezisengozini yesimo sezulu esiqhumayo, abahloli kufanele bacabangele ngokugcwele komoya, imvamisa yokukhululwa kwento, izici ze-physicochemical, ukuhamba komsebenzi wokukhiqiza neminye imingcele. Kulo lonke elaseYurophu, lokhu kuhlola kuyingxenye ebalulekile yohlaka lokulawula ubungozi lwe-ATEX. Ochwepheshe abaningi bezimboni bayeluleka ukuthi kubuyekezwe imingcele yezindawo kulandela noma yiziphi izinguquko ezinqubweni zokukhiqiza; ukuhlukaniswa kwezindawo eziyingozi akufanele neze kubhekwe njengengunaphakade.
Leli phuzu linokubaluleka okukhulu.
Ochwepheshe abaningi bezindawo eziyingozi-baqaphele ukuthi amasayithi okukhiqiza amadala acishe aqokwa ngokuphelele ukuthi u-Zone 1. Nakuba kubonakala kuyindlela yokuphepha elandelanayo, lokhu kuphoqa izikhungo ukuthi zikhiphe{2}}izici ezithile eziqhumayo{3}}isizinda sempahla yobufakazi{4}ngobubanzi, okukhulisa kakhulu izindleko ezinkulu kanye nezindleko zokulungisa isikhathi eside{5}. Ngemva kokuhlolwa kabusha kokungena komoya, ukuhlelwa kwezinqubo nemithombo yokukhipha umoya, amafekthri amaningi angehlisela izindawo ezithile ku-Zone 2 noma ngisho-ezingezona eziyingozi ngaphandle kokuphazamisa izindinganiso zokuphepha.
Ukuthola okunjalo kubumba kabusha ngokuphelele amasu okukhetha.
Kunokuba ugxile kokuthi "iyiphi i-forklift ephethe isilinganiso esiphezulu sokuvikela ukuqhuma", enye indlela enengqondo iyabuza: Yiziphi izindawo ezidinga ngempela ukuvikelwa kokuqhuma? Singakanani isikhathi esizosetshenziswa okokusebenza ngaphakathi kwalezi zindawo?
Lokhu kushintsha kwendlela yokucabanga kuvame ukuba nomthelela omkhulu ezindlekweni zephrojekthi nokusebenza kahle kunokuqhathanisa imininingwane ye-forklift.
Izixazululo Eziningi Zokuvikela Ukuqhuma Kwesizinda Sekhemikhali Eyodwa
Isitshalo samakhemikhali asivamile ukuba nohlobo olulodwa lokusebenza oluyingozi.
Indawo yokukhiqiza i-Sun Chemical e-Yate, e-UK, iyisibonelo esihle.
Isikhungo sikhiqiza futhi sigcine iziyinki zokuphrinta{0}ezisuselwe ku-solvent, ezinamakhilogremu angaphezu kwesigidi esisodwa semikhiqizo eqediwe egcinwe kuma-IBC nezigubhu. Izingxenye ezihlukene zefekthri zihlukaniswa njengeZone 1, Zone 2 kanye neZone 22 kuye ngemisebenzi yokukhiqiza nezinto ezihilelekile.
Uma uthi nhlá, kungase kubonakale kulula ukumisa yonke imikhumbi ye-forklift ngezinga eliphezulu kakhulu lokuvikela ukuqhuma.
Akwenzekanga lokho.
Esikhundleni salokho, ama-forklift ahlukene alungiselelwe imisebenzi ehlukene yokusebenza.
Amaforklift edizili asebenza ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zokugcina ngaphandle{0}}nezindawo zokugcina izimpahla eziqediwe zifakwe amasistimu okuthola igesi asebenzayo.
Uma umhwamuko we-solvent ufinyelela ku-10% we-Lower Explosive Limit (LEL), opharetha bazothola izexwayiso ezibonakalayo nezizwakalayo. Uma umhwamuko uqhubeka nokukhuphuka, iloli lizoqala ukuma okulawulwayo okuzenzakalelayo ukuze kunciphe izingozi zokuthungela.
Ngaleso sikhathi, ama-forklift asetshenziswe ngaphakathi kwezindawo zokukhiqiza ze-Zone 1 alandela indlela ehlukile yokuvikela. Lawa mayunithi kumele agcine ukusebenza okuphephile lapho izimo eziqhumayo zingakheka ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile zokukhiqiza.
Okubalulekile okuthathayo akulele kubuchwepheshe, kodwa ohlakeni lokuthatha{0}}lokwenza izinqumo.
Kunokuba ubuze ukuthi ingabe iforklift eyodwa yokuqhuma{0}ingakwazi yini ukuvala yonke imisebenzi yesayithi,
ithimba lesayithi liqale lahlaziya izindlela zokuhamba zeloli ngalinye, imvamisa yokungena ezindaweni eziyingozi, izinto eziphathwayo, kanye nezidingo eziqondile zokuvikela zesigaba ngasinye sokusebenza.
Ukukhethwa kwezisetshenziswa kuqale kuphela uma lokhu kubuyekezwa kokusebenza sekuqediwe.
Izinto Ezivame Ukunganakwa Ngaphambi Kwabathengi Qhathanisa Ukucaciswa Kwe-Forklift
Yilapho ukungezwani kuvame ukuvela khona ngesikhathi sezingxoxo zokuthengwa kwempahla.
Umthamo wokulayisha, ubuchwepheshe bebhethri kanye{0}nokuqinisekiswa kobufakazi bokuqhuma{0}kuhlala kuyimibandela ebalulekile.
Kodwa uma lezo zidingo eziyisisekelo sezifinyelelwe, enye isethi yemibuzo ngokuvamile iba nomthelela omkhulu kakhulu.
I-forklift izongena kaningi kangakanani ezindaweni eziyingozi?
Ingabe opharetha bazohlala ngaphakathi kwendawo imizuzu embalwa noma amahora ambalwa ngokushintshana?
Ingabe umzila ubandakanya amakhemikhali okuhlanza abolayo noma ukuchayeka kwencibiliki ngezikhathi ezithile?
Ingabe amapayipi amancane{0}}amaphasishi anemigqa azokhawulela irediya encane?
Ingabe i-forklift ihamba phakathi kwemigqa yokukhiqiza yasendlini kanye nezindawo zokulayisha zangaphandle izikhathi eziningi njalo ngaso sonke isikhathi?
Ayikho kule mininingwane evela emininingwaneni yemininingwane ejwayelekile.
Kodwa bavame ukunquma ukuthi i-forklift ihlala ikhiqiza yini phakathi-neminyaka yayo yesevisi yeminyaka eyishumi - noma iba ukuyekethisa okubizayo ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kuphela ngemva kokusebenza.
Yilapho kanye -amaphrojekthi amaningi e-forklift aphumelela noma aqala ukuqongelela izinkinga zokusebenza ezifihliwe.
YibaI-yond Isitifiketi Se-ATEX: Izinto Eziyinhloko Ezibusa Isikhathi Eside-Ukusebenza Kwezisetshenziswa Zesikhathi
Ngemva kokuchaza izindawo eziyingozi kanye namazinga adingekayo okuvikela ukuqhuma, abathengi abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi isigaba esiyinselele kakhulu sephrojekthi sesiphelile.
Eqinisweni, izinqumo ezingokoqobo ezinquma{0}ukusebenza kwangempela komhlaba zisaqala.
Ama-forklift{0}obufakazi bokuqhuma akhiwe ukuze asuse imithombo engaba khona yokuthungela. Lokhu akusho ukuthi bangakwazi ukumelana nayo yonke inselele yokusebenza ngaphakathi kwezikhungo zamakhemikhali.
Ukugqwala kunikeza umfanekiso ocacile.
Ama-Forklift asebenza ngaphakathi kwezindawo zokugcina izimpahla agcina amakhemikhali apakishiwe abhekana nezimo ezihluke kakhulu kusukela kumayunithi asebenza eduze kweziphehlisi noma imigqa yokuxubha izinyibilikis. Owokuqala ngokuvamile uhlangana nomhwamuko ngezikhathi ezithile; lezi zakamuva zichayeka nsuku zonke ezinsaleni ezibolayo, ukuwashwa njalo{1}ukwehla, umswakama ophezulu kanye nokungcola kwamakhemikhali okuhamba emoyeni.
Ukuhlukaniswa kwendawo ye-ATEX kuhlala kungashintshile kuwo womabili amaphrofayili asebenzayo.
Nokho ukugqwala kungafinyeza kakhulu impilo yesevisi ye-forklift kuzo zombili izimo.
Izixhumi zikagesi, ukuvikelwa kwekhebula, izingxenye zensimbi eziveziwe namasistimu asebenza ngamanzi kungase kudinge ukuhlolwa okuvamile uma ukuchayeka kumakhemikhali kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokusebenza okujwayelekile. Ukukhetha i-forklift esekelwe kuphela ekuvikelweni kokuqhuma kuyilapho ubheke ukuqina kwemvelo ngokuvamile kuholela ekukhuphukeni kwezindleko zokuyilungisa isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuba iyunithi ifinyelele ekupheleni komjikelezo wayo wokuphila olindelekile.
Isimiso esifanayo sisebenza ekuhlukaniseni izinga lokushisa.
Amathimba amaningi okuthenga aqhathanisa izilinganiso zokuvikela ngaphandle kokuqinisekisa ukuthi izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lempahla yokusebenza lifana ngempela nezici zokuvutha-zamakhemikhali asendaweni.
Ikilasi lokushisa aliyona nje enye into esohlwini lwedokhumenti yesitifiketi.
Inquma ngokuqondile ukuthi izindawo ezishisayo zingaba imithombo yokuthungela ngaphansi kwezimo ezingavamile zokusebenza. Ngakho-ke ukukhetha okulungile kwesigaba sezinga lokushisa kuncike ekuqondeni kokubili izici zento eyingozi kanye nezindawo zokusebenza zesayithi - kunokuzenzakalela ekucacisweni okuphezulu kakhulu okutholakalayo.
Ifekthri-Ukuqhuma Okudidiyelwe{1}}I-Forklifts Yobufakazi vs. Ama-Forklift Ajwayelekile Aguquliwe: Ayikho Impendulo Yonke
Cishe yonke iphrojekthi-yokufakazela ukuqhuma kwe-forklift iphakamisa umbuzo ofanayo: Ingabe izindawo kufanele zithenge imboni{1}}ama-forklift ahlanganisiwe okuqhuma{2}, noma zenze ukuguqulwa{3}} kobufakazi bokuqhuma kumaforklift akhona akhona?
Ukukhuluma ngendlela enenjongo, akukho ukukhetha okuphethe inzuzo ephelele; ukufaneleka kuncike ngokuphelele-ezimweni zokusebenza zesayithi.
Uma i-forklift ingena ezindaweni eziyingozi ngezikhathi ezithile kuphela ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza ezizinzile, ukuguqula iyunithi ekhona kumelela isisombululo esisebenzayo. Ochwepheshe bokuguqulwa abaqeqeshiwe bangafaka izingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha eziyisivikelo kuyilapho belondoloza idizayini yokuqala ye-ergonomic, okuhlanganisa{1}}onogada be-spark abangavimbeli imfoloko, ama-assemblies kagesi avalwe ngokugcwele, ukuqapha izinga lokushisa, namasistimu okulawula ukushaja amile.
Ukusetshenziswa okungavamile kwezikhawu, nokho, kuhluke ngokuphelele ekusebenzeni okuqhubekayo-kwesayithi.
Uma ama-forklift echitha amahora amaningi okusebenza ezindaweni eziyingozi, ingxoxo ivamise ukudlulela ngale kwenani lokuthenga lokuqala.
Lokhu kuhlanganisa izinqubo zokunakekela, ukutholakala kwezingxenye ezisele, amarekhodi okuhlolwa, imibhalo yezobuchwepheshe kanye nokucwaninga okuqhubekayo kokuthotshelwa kwemithetho, konke okuhlanganisa zonke izindleko zobunikazi.
Ngakho-ke amaqembu amaningi e-EHS anolwazi ngakho ahlola-ama-forklift obufakazi bokuqhuma njengezimpahla-zokuphepha zesikhathi eside kunokuthenga amathuluzi angawodwa. Inhloso akukhona nje ukuphasisa-ukuhlola isikhathi esisodwa, kodwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi iyunithi ihlala ithobela, ilondolozeka futhi ithembekile kuyo yonke impilo yayo yesevisi.
Yingakho intengo ephansi yokuthenga ingeyona njalo izindleko zokusebenza eziphansi-zesikhathi eside.
Indaba Yendawo Yempahla Eyingozi: Impumelelo Incike Emininingwaneni
Indawo yokugcina impahla eyingozi esetshenziswa yi-Chemion Logistik yaseJalimane iwubonisa kahle lo mgomo.
Lesi sikhungo siphatha amaphalethi angaba ngu-200 nsuku zonke, sigcina uketshezi oluvuthayo, amakhemikhali aqinile nezinye izinto eziyingozi. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza kokuphatha, izincibilikisi ezivuzayo ziyahwamuka futhi zixubane nomoya ozungezile, zenze umkhathi okungenzeka ube neziqhumane.
Kunokuba imane ithenge ukuqhuma okujwayelekile{0}i-forklift yobufakazi bokuqhuma, inkampani isuse ngokuhlelekile{1}}imithombo yokuthungela isayithi ngesixazululo{2}}sephakheji esigcwele:
Insimbi engagqwali-izinhlamvu zemfoloko ezinamekwe ukuze kuncishiswe izinhlansi ezibangelwa umthelela nokungqubuzana;Izindawo ezivalekile eziyisivikelo zazo zonke izingxenye zikagesi;
Amasondo e-conductive, ama-floor mats kanye namaassemblies angaphakathi ukuze alawule ukwakhiwa kukagesi omile-;Ukuqapha okuqhubekayo kokuphuma kwebhethri namazinga okushisa angaphezulu ukuze kuncishiswe izingozi zokuvutha ezisalelayo.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi isakhiwo ngokwaso sabamba iqhaza elibalulekile lokuphepha.
Lesi sakhiwo besinezingxenye zesakhiwo ezivulekile zokuhlakaza umhwamuko oncibilikayo nokunciphisa ingozi yeziqhumane ezinqwabelana ngaphakathi kwendawo.
Lokhu kugqamisa iphuzu elinganakwa kalula.Ukuvikela ukuqhuma akuvamile ukufinyelelwa nge-forklift hardware iyodwa.
Ivela ekwakhiweni kwemishini, ukwakheka kwemishini, izinhlelo zokungenisa umoya, izinqubo zokusebenza kanye nokugcinwa kokusebenza ngokuhambisana.
Ukushintsha ingxenye eyodwa kuphela yalolu hlelo akuvamile ukuqeda izingozi ngokuphelele.
Imibuzo Ebalulekile Okufanele Ixazululwe Ngaphambi Kokucela Izilinganiso
Ngemva kokubuyekeza amaphrojekthi amaningi embonini yamakhemikhali, iphethini eyodwa ivela ngokuphindaphindiwe.
Abaningiizinqubo zokuthengwa kwe-forklift eziphumelelayo ziqala isikhathi esidengaphambi kokuba abahlinzeki bathumele amakhotheshini asemthethweni.Esikhundleni sokucela izicaciso ezifana nomthamo womthwalo noma ukuphakama kwensika, abathengi abanolwazi baqale baqoqe idatha yokusebenza enemininingwane. Imibuzo efana nale isekela izingxoxo ezigxilile, ezikhiqizayo:
Yiziphi izindawo eziyingozi lapho i-forklift izongena khona ngesikhathi sokushintsha okujwayelekile?
Ingabe izingozi zibangelwa amagesi avuthayo, umhwamuko, uthuli oluvuthayo, noma ingxube yalezi zinto?
Iloli lizosebenza amahora amangaki ngosuku ezindaweni eziyingozi?
Ingabe ukugqwala kwamakhemikhali kungaba nomthelela ekuthembekeni-kwesikhathi eside kwesisetshenziswa?
Ingabe ukuthuthukiswa komoya, ukulungiswa kwenqubo noma ukubuyekezwa kwesakhiwo kunganciphisa izinga lezindawo eziyingozi ezihlukanisiwe?
Ingabe isayithi linazo izinsiza zokusingatha ukulungiswa okuqhubekayo nokuhlolwa okusemthethweni?
Izimpendulo azinqumi kuphela uhlobo-lobufakazi bokuqhuma kwe-forklift edingekayo, kodwa futhi zilolonga isu lonke lokutshala imali.
Isiphetho
Ukukhetha ukuqhuma-i-forklift yobufakazi akuvamile mayelana nokukhetha ukucaciswa okuphezulu kakhulu okutholakalayo.
Kumayelana nokuqonda ukuthi izinto zihamba kanjani embonini, lapho umoya oyingozi ungaba khona ngempela, nokuthi abasebenzi, okokusebenza kanye nokugeleza komsebenzi wokukhiqiza kusebenzisana kanjani usuku nosuku.Amaphrojekthi aphumelela kakhulu awahlali ekhipha ama-forklift ayinkimbinkimbi kakhulu.
Kaningi, ahlanganisa ukuhlukaniswa kwezindawo eziyingozi, ukugeleza komsebenzi wokukhiqiza, ukukhethwa kwezinto zokusebenza kanye{0}}nokuhlelwa kokulungisa isikhathi eside kusukela ekuqaleni kwephrojekthi.Lapho zonke lezi zinto ziqondana, ukuqhuma{2}}i-forklift yobufakazi iba okungaphezu nje kwemishini ethobelayo.
Ikhula ibe ingxenye ethembekile ngaphakathi kohlelo oluphelele lokuphatha impahla yamakhemikhali. Isekela ukuphepha, ukukhiqiza nokuqhubeka nokusebenza eminyakeni eminingi -esikhundleni sokwanelisa kuphela izidingo zokuhlola okukodwa.
