Phakathi neminyaka yami engu-15 ngisekela amaphrojekthi e-forklift esitoreji esibandayo kuzo zonke izindawo zokugcina ukudla eziqandisiwe, izindawo ezibandayo zemithi, izimboni zokucubungula ukudla, kanye{1}}nezikhungo zokusabalalisa izinga lokushisa eliphansi, ngifunde ukuthi amazinga okushisa aphansi angenye yezinselele ezinkulu ezithinta ukusebenza kwebhethri ye-forklift kagesi. Abaqhubi abaningi namaqembu okuthenga acabanga ukuthi amabhethri ajwayelekile kagesi e-forklift azosebenza ngokwethembeka kuziqandisi, kuphela abhekane nokwehla kwamandla okuzumayo, izikhathi zokusebenza ezifinyeziwe, ukuvala shaqa okungalindelekile, kanye nokwehluleka kwebhethri ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Indawo ebandayo ibambezela ukusabela kwamakhemikhali, ikhuphula ubunzima bokushaja, futhi ibeke amabhethri esimweni sokuminyana kanye nezinkinga ezishisayo{4}}izinto zokusebenza ezijwayelekile ezingakwazi ukuzisingatha. Kulo mhlahlandlela wochwepheshe, ngabelana ngolwazi lwangempela-nobunjiniyela besayithi, amakesi amabili asebenzayo ochungechunge olubandayo,{7}}ukuhlaziya ukwehluleka kwebhethri okujulile, namathiphu okulungisa angenziwa ukuze ngisize abaphathi bezindlu ezibandayo, abahlinzeki bempahla, namathimba okuthenga avikele amabhethri e-forklift, andise impilo yesevisi, futhi agweme isikhathi esibizayo sokunciphisa izinga lokushisa{8}eliphansi. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usebenzisa i-deep freezer warehouse, indawo ekhiqiza imithi ebandayo, noma isikhungo sokusabalalisa ukudla, lezi zixazululo{10}ezisekelwe ebufakazini zizokusiza ukuthi ugcine ukuphatha okubalulekile okuzinzile, okuphumelelayo ezindaweni ezibandayo eziyinselele kakhulu.
Phakathi nomsebenzi wami, ithimba lami lonjiniyela kanye nami silethe izixazululo ze-forklift zesitoreji esibandayo ezingaphezu kwamaphrojekthi{1}}ezinga lokushisa eliphansi angaphezu kuka-90 emhlabeni wonke. Sisebenza ngokukhethekile ekuvikeleni ibhethri lesitoreji esibandayo,{3}}izinhlelo zokusebenza zebhethri ye-lithium enezinga eliphansi lokushisa, ukuphatha impahla yeshede lokucubungula ukudla, kanye nedizayini yempahla ebandayo yekhemisi. Ngizihlolele mathupha amakhulukhulu ezindawo zokugcina ezibandayo lapho amabhethri ajwayelekile ehluleka khona ngaphambi kwesikhathi: izindawo zokugcina ukudla eziqandisiwe lapho isikhathi sokusebenza sehle ngo-40% -ezimeni ezingu-22 degree, izindawo zokwelapha ezinenkinga yokufihlwa{8}}okuhlobene namaphutha kagesi ahlobene{10}kanye{10}}nokusebenza kwamashifu amaningi okuphoqeleka ukuthi kushintshwe kaningi njengoba ngokuvamile kuhleliwe. Iqiniso liwukuthi, lezi zinkinga azinakugwenywa{11}cishe zivame ukubangelwa okokusebenza okungafani, imikhuba yokushaja engalungile, kanye nokuntuleka kokuvikela okuhlosiwe kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi. Amaforklift afakwe kahle esitoreji esibandayo anokuphathwa kwebhethri okukhaliphile angasebenza ngokuthembekile ngisho nakumadigri angu-25 amafriji ajulile anokulahlekelwa kancane kokusebenza, futhi ngibone lezi zixazululo ziguqula ngokuphelele ukusebenza kwamabhizinisi ayekade edonsa kanzima ngezinkinga zebhethri eziqhubekayo.
Iphrojekthi eyodwa emele i-forklift yokugcina ebandayo esiyisekelile yaqala ngoJanuwari 2026 yesikhungo esikhulu sokusabalalisa ukudla okuqandisiwe e-Canada. Lesi sikhungo sisebenza indawo yokugcina impahla ejulile engu-25,000㎡{4}}eqinile egcina izinga lokushisa elingashintshi -elisuka ku-18 degrees ukuya -ku-25℃, liphatha amaphalethi angu-500 kuya kwangu-800 enyama eqandisiwe, ukudla kwasolwandle, nokudla okuphekiwe nsuku zonke. Isikhungo sisebenza amahora angu-18 wokusebenza okuqhubekayo kuwo wonke amashifu angu-2 kuya kwangu-3, sithembele ngokuphelele kuma-forklift kagesi ukunyakaza kwe-pallet, ukulayisha, nokuthulula. Ekuqaleni, ikhasimende lasebenzisa ama-forklift kagesi ajwayelekile afakwe amabhethri{22}e-asidi avamile, kodwa asheshe abhekana nokuphazamiseka okukhulu kokusebenza okubambezele ibhizinisi labo lonke. Amaphuzu abo obuhlungu obukhulu ahlanganisa ukulahlekelwa amandla ebhethri abalulekile emakhazeni amakhulu, nesikhathi sokusebenza esisebenzisekayo sisuka emahoreni angu-8 siye ngaphansi kwamahora angu-4 ngenkokhiso ngayinye. Isikhathi sokushaja siphindwe kabili, futhi amabhethri ngokuvamile ayehluleka ukufinyelela umthamo ogcwele ngisho nangemva kokushajwa okunwetshiwe. Ukuvala shaqa okungalindelekile kwamaphakathi neshifu kuphazamise ukugcwaliseka kwe-oda nokugeleza kwephalethi, kuyilapho ukuhamba njalo ngebhayisikili okujulile nokucindezeleka okubandayo kunciphisa ubude bebhethri buba ngaphansi kwezinyanga eziyi-18-bufushane kakhulu kuneminyaka emi-3 kuye kwemi-5 ebilindelwe. Amaqembu okunakekela aphinde abika ukwakheka kokujiya ngaphakathi kwamakhompathi ebhethri lapho uhambisa imishini phakathi kwezindawo eziqandisiwe nezizungezile, okudala izingozi zangempela zokuphepha zikagesi eqenjini labo.
Ithimba lethu lonjiniyela lenze ukuhlaziya okuphelele{0}kusayithi ukuze kutholwe izimbangela, futhi sithole izinkinga ezimbalwa ezibalulekile ezibhekene nazo. Okokuqala, sihlole ukusebenza kwebhethri emazingeni okushisa aphansi: -izimo ezingaphansi kwezingu-zero ezingasheshi ukusabela kwamakhemikhali kwangaphakathi, sinciphisa ukuhamba kwe-ion, namandla atholakalayo aphansi kakhulu, ikakhulukazi amabhethri-e-asidi. Sibe sesihlonza izinkinga ezibucayi zokushaja: o-opharetha bebezama ukushaja amabhethri ngokushesha ngemva kokuwakhipha -kuziqandisi ezingama-degree angu-22, okubangela ukufiphala okusheshayo kanye nokulimala kwangaphakathi okwenza impilo ibe mfushane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Amasistimu wabo wokushaja ayengadizayinelwe ukutholwa{9}}kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi, futhi bekungekho nokuphatha okushisayo okwakukhona ukuze kuvikelwe amabhethri. Siphinde sabona imikhuba yokusebenza engasebenzi kahle, okuhlanganisa izikhathi ezinde zokungenzi lutho ngamandla avuliwe, ukuhamba ibanga elifushane{10}kaningi, kanye nemijikelezo yokukhipha amanzi ejulile egcizelela nakakhulu{14}}amabhethri abenziwe buthaka. Ngokusekelwe kulokhu kuhlola kobunjiniyela, sincome isixazululo esiphelele se-forklift kagesi sesitoreji esibandayo esinamamodeli angu-1.5-no-2-nomthamo wamamodeli wamathani angu-2{19}eyakhelwe amazinga okushisa aphansi. Ukuthuthukiswa okuyisisekelo kwakuyisistimu yebhethri ye-lithium-ion enoHlelo Oludidiyelwe Lokuphathwa Kwebhethri (BMS) nomsebenzi ozinikele wokushisisa izinga lokushisa eliphansi. Izici ezibalulekile zazihlanganisa ukushisisa kwebhethri okusebenzayo ukuze kugcinwe izinga lokushisa elilungile lokusebenza, ukuqapha izinga lokushisa ngesikhathi sangempela, ukuvikela ukushaja okuhlakaniphile okuvimbela ukushaja lapho izinga lokushisa lebhethri liphansi kakhulu, futhi zivalwe ngokugcwele, izingxenye zikagesi ezingangeni amanzi ukuze zimelane nokufiphala. Lawa ma-forklift akhelwe ukusebenza okuphephile, okuzinzile kuze kufike ku--25℃, asekela amahora angu-16+ okusebenza kwansuku zonke ngokushajwa kwamathuba ngesikhathi sekhefu.
Ngemva kokwenza isixazululo, ikhasimende lizuze ukuthuthuka okumangalisayo okwenza umehluko wangempela ekusebenzeni kwalo kwansuku zonke. Isikhathi sokusebenza kwebhethri sikhuphuke ngaphezu kuka-60%, sisekela ngokugcwele amashifu ngaphandle kokuvalwa okungalindelekile. Isikhathi sokuphumula esidalwe ukwehluleka kwebhethri sehle ngo-85%, kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle kwe-warehouse nokusebenza kahle kwe-oda. Ukuphila kwebhethri kunwetshwe kuye eminyakeni engu-5+, kunciphisa imvamisa yokushintshwa kanye nesamba sezindleko zobunikazi. Isistimu yokushisisa ehlakaniphile ne-BMS yaziqeda ngokuphelele izingozi zokufiphala, iqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphephile nokuthembekile ngisho nasezingeni lokushisa elidlulele nashintshashintshayo phakathi kwefriji nezindawo zokulayisha.
Ikesi lesibili elisebenzayo livela endaweni yokugcina imithi ebandayo e-Germany, eyaqedwa ngo-March 2026. Lesi sikhungo sihlanganisa u-10,000㎡ futhi sigcina izinga lokushisa eliqinile elingu-2℃kuya ku-8℃emithini yokugoma, imijovo, kanye{5}}nezithako zemithi ezizwelayo. Isebenza amahora angu-16 ngosuku ngamazinga aphezulu kakhulu enhlanzeko, ukuphepha, nokuthembeka kwemishini. Izidingo eziyinhloko zekhasimende zifaka ukusebenza okuzinzile ngokuphelele, umsindo ophansi, ingozi yokuvuza kwebhethri eyiziro, ukusebenza okungaguquguquki, nokuhambisana ngokugcwele namazinga ezempilo nokuphepha embonini yezemithi. Abakwazanga ukubekezelela ukuvuza, intuthu, noma ukwehluleka okungalindelekile kwemishini okungase kubeke engcupheni ubuqotho bomkhiqizo noma ukuthobela imithetho, ngakho-ke zonke izisetshenziswa bekufanele zikhethwe ngokucophelela okukhulu. Ithimba lethu lonjiniyela lawakhipha ngokushesha amabhethri{11}e-asidi aholayo ngezizathu ezimbalwa ezibalulekile. Amabhethri omthofu{13}athwala ingozi yangempela yokuvuza kwe-electrolyte, adinga ukunakekelwa okuvamile okwethula izingozi zokungcola, futhi asebenze kabi ngisho nasezimeni ezizinzile{14}zezinga lokushisa eliphansi. Aphinde akhiqize igesi ngesikhathi sokushaja futhi abe nokuphila okufushane ngaphansi kokusetshenziswa okungaguquki kwansuku zonke. Esikhundleni salokho, sincome i-forklift kagesi yesitoreji{17}esikhethekile esifakwe{18}nesistimu yebhethri ye-lithium{19}}yokulungisa yamahhala. Amabhethri e-lithium avalwe ngokuphelele,{21}}ayavuza, futhi awakhiphi magesi noma ukungcola{22}okuwenza afaneleke endaweni ehlanzekile, elawulwayo yemithi. Ziletha i-voltage ezinzile nomthamo ku-2℃kuya ku-8℃, zisekela ukushajwa kwamathuba ngaphandle kokuwohloka, futhi zifaka i-BMS ehlakaniphile evimbela ukushajwa ngokweqile,{26}}ukukhipha ngaphezulu, kanye nezingozi zokushisa. Isistimu yokushayela ugesi{28}ephansi yomsindo futhi isekela indawo yokusebenza ethule, elawulwayo indawo edingekayo.
Ekugcineni, isixazululo sahlangabezana ngokugcwele nezidingo eziqinile zekhasimende. Ukusebenza kwebhethri okuzinzile kuqede -ukwehluleka kwamashifu ngokuphelele, ukuvuza okuyiziro kanye nezimo zegumbi elihlanzekile elilondolozwe nomsindo ophansi, kanye nokunakekelwa{2}}nomklamo wamahhala wehlise izidingo zabasebenzi kuyilapho uzigcina zithobelana ngokugcwele nezindinganiso zemithi. Imikhumbi ye-forklift inikeze ukusebenza okungaguquguquki, okuthembekile okusekela ukuhamba kwawo okungaphazamiseki kwamaketango abandayo, okubaluleke kakhulu embonini yezemithi.
Ukusiza ama-cold chain operators ukuthi aqonde futhi avimbele ukwehluleka kwebhethri, kubalulekile ukuchaza kahle ukuthi amazinga okushisa aphansi alimaza kanjani amabhethri e-forklift, ngoba uma wazi ukuthi kungani, ungabhekana kangcono nokuthi kanjani. Okokuqala, ukulahleka komthamo webhethri kuwumphumela oqondile futhi ophawuleka kakhulu. Ezimweni-ezingaphansi kweziro, ukusebenza kwamakhemikhali ngaphakathi kwebhethri kuhamba kancane, kunciphisa inani lamandla asebenzisekayo atholakalayo. Ibhethri eliletha umthamo ongu-100% ekamelweni lokushisa linganikeza kuphela amandla angu-50% kuya ku-60% -ku-20℃, lifinyeze ngokuqondile isikhathi sokusebenza se-forklift futhi libangele ukuncipha kwamandla ngaphambi kwesikhathi-phakathi noshintsho. Okwesibili, ukusebenza kahle kokushaja kwehla kakhulu ezimeni ezibandayo. Amabhethri abandayo awakwazi ukwamukela ukushajwa ngendlela efanele, okuholela ezikhathini zokushaja ezinde, ukushaja okungaphelele, kanye nomonakalo ongaba khona wangaphakathi ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukushaja ibhethri elibanda kakhulu futhi kudala ukuminyana ngaphakathi kwephekhi, okuholela ekugqwaleni, kumasekhethi amafushane, nobungozi bangempela bokuphepha. Okwesithathu, isistimu yokushisisa ibhethri isibaluleke kakhulu kumaforklift wesimanje wokugcina abandayo. Ihitha ehlanganisiwe ifudumeza ibhethri libe yibanga eliphephile, elisebenza ngempumelelo ngaphambi nangesikhathi sokusebenza. Uma kubhangqwe nesistimu yokuphatha okushisayo kanye nokuqapha{16}}kwesikhathi sangempela sezinga lokushisa, lobu buchwepheshe bugcina ukusebenza okuzinzile, buvimbela ukuminyana, futhi banwebe ukuphila kwebhethri ngisho nasezindaweni zesiqandisi esinzima kakhulu.
Ukusiza ukucacisa izinketho ezingcono kakhulu zesisetshenziswa, kuyasiza ukuqhathanisa{0}}ne-asidi namabhethri e-lithium ngokuqondile ezimeni zangempela zokugcina ezibandayo. Amabhethri omthofu{{2}abonisa ukusebenza okuphansi{3}}kwezinga lokushisa okulinganiselwe{3}}okunokwehla okukhulu komthamo ngaphansi kwedigri engu-0, ukusebenza kahle kokushaja okuphansi okuba kancane futhi kube nzima emakhazeni, adinga ukunakekelwa okuvamisile njengokunisela, ukulinganisa, nokuhlolwa kokugqwala, anikeza ithuba elilinganiselwe lokushaja elingabangela ukuwohloka, libe nempilo emfushane yeminyaka engu-1–3 kuphela ekuvuzeni okunesilinganiso esiphansi kagesi, nokuthwala ingozi yokuvuza okunesilinganiso esiphansi kagesi. Ngokuphambene, amabhethri e-lithium ahlinzeka ngokusebenza okuzinzile okungcono nokuphathwa kokushisa, ukushaja okuzinze kakhudlwana okusekela ukushajwa okulawulwayo{8}}kwezinga lokushisa eliphansi, ukunakekelwa okuphansi ngenxa yedizayini evaliwe kanye ne-BMS{9}}elawulwayo, isekela ngokugcwele ukushajwa kwamathuba alungele{10}}isitoreji esibandayo esishintshashintshayo, sinikeza isikhathi eside sokuphila esinengozi ephansi engu-4–6 ngenxa yokuvuza. umklamo ovaliwe. Lo mehluko wangempela{14}womhlaba yingakho opharetha abaningi besitoreji esibandayo beshintshela kuzixazululo ze-lithium zemikhumbi yabo.
Ukulungiswa okusebenzayo ingxenye yokugcina yokusebenza kweforklift yesitoreji esibandayo, futhi ngokusekelwe kumakhulukhulu okusetshenziswa kwesayithi, ngilungise izinqubo zokuvikela ibhethri ezisebenza ngempumelelo kakhulu noma ubani angazisebenzisa. Ngaphambi kokufaka isitoreji esibandayo, njalo hlola izinga lokushisa lebhethri futhi uqinisekise ukuthi lingaphakathi kwebanga lokusebenza eliphephile, qinisekisa izinga elanele lokushaja futhi ugweme ukungena ezindaweni ezibandayo ngebhethri eliphansi, futhi uvumele amabhethri abandayo afudumale kancane endaweni yoshintsho uma kudingeka. Ngesikhathi sokusebenza, gwema ukuchichima okujulile ngokumisa ukusetshenziswa ngaphambi kokuthi amandla ebhethri ehle kakhulu, qapha{2}}isikhathi sangempela isimo sebhethri kusibonisi, unciphise ukungenzi lutho okungadingekile ukuze unciphise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, futhi usebenzise ithuba lokushaja ngesikhathi sekhefu ezindaweni ezizungezile noma zoshintsho. Lapho ushaja, shaja kuphela ezimweni zokushisa ezifanelekile ezingaba ngu-10 degrees ukuya ku-30 degree ekahle, sebenzisa amashaja enzwa ahlakaniphile, aklanyelwe ngokukhethekile amabhethri esitoreji esibandayo, vumela amabhethri ukuthi afudumale kancane ngaphambi kokushajwa uma evela ngokuqondile eziqandisini, futhi hlala ulandela izimiso zokushaja komkhiqizi ukuze ugweme ukushaja ngokweqile. Ukuze uhlolwe nsuku zonke, hlola uxhumo lwebhethri ukuze uthole ukucinana nokugqwala, hlola ukuminyana noma umswakama endaweni yebhethri, buyekeza noma imaphi amakhodi ezixwayiso noma izixwayiso zezinga lokushisa, futhi ugcine izindawo zebhethri zihlanzekile futhi zomile ngaso sonke isikhathi. Lezi zinyathelo ezincane, ezingaguquki zenza umehluko omkhulu kakhulu empilweni yebhethri nokuthembeka.
Njengomkhiqizi weforklift ochwepheshile ogxile emakhazeni-ezixazululo zezinga lokushisa eliphansi, i-DS Forklift ihlinzeka ngomkhakha-ohamba phambili owuchungechunge lwe-DS Cold Storage Electric Forklift, eklanyelwe ngokukhethekile izindawo zokugcina impahla eziqandisiwe, izindawo zokucubungula ukudla, izikhungo zamaketanga abandayo emithi, nezikhungo{2}}zokusabalalisa izinga lokushisa eliphansi. Uhlu lwethu lweforklift yesitoreji esibandayo luhlanganisa 1.5-ton, 2-ton, 3-amamodeli womthamo wamathani ukuze afane nezidingo zokubamba ezihlukahlukene kuyo yonke imisebenzi ehlukene. Ifaka{16}}amabhethri e-lithium-ion ezinga lokushisa eliphansi anamasistimu okushisisa ahlanganisiwe ne-BMS ehlakaniphile, esekela ukusebenza okuthembekile ukusuka ku--25℃yonke indlela ukuya ku-40℃. Ubude bensika busuka ku-3000mm kuye ku-5000mm obunezici zikagesi ezivalwe ngokuphelele, ezingagodoli kanye nomklamo ovimbela ukujiya owakhelwe izinguquko ezinzima phakathi kwezindawo ezibandayo nezifudumele. Yonke iyunithi isekela ukushaja kwamathuba, ukusebenza okuzinzile phakathi namashifu amade, nokunakekelwa okuncane ukuze kusekelwe ukusebenza kwamaketango abandayo okungaphazamiseki ngempela.
Ngeminyaka ye-R&D ezinikele kanye{0}nesipiliyoni sangempela sohlelo lokusebenza lomhlaba wonke,I-DawnShine Forkliftiletha okokusebenza okuqinile, okuthembekile okuxazulula inselele eyodwa enkulu kusitoreji esibandayo: ukusebenza kwebhethri okuzinzile kanye nokuvikelwa{0}}okuphansi okungaguquki. Asigcini ngokuthengisa ama-forklift{2}sikulethela izixazululo ezigcina iketango lakho elibandayo lihamba ngaphandle kokukhungatheka kokuhluleka kwebhethri okungapheli kanye nesikhathi sokuphumula.
Ukuvikela amabhethri e-forklift endaweni ebandayo akukhona nje ukulungisa okujwayelekile-kumayelana nokukhetha okokusebenza okufanele, ukusebenzisa izinqubo zokusebenza ezifanele, nokusebenzisa ukuphathwa kokushisa okuhlakaniphile okubhekana nezinselele eziyingqayizivele zamazinga okushisa aphansi. Ngaphezulu kweminyaka engu-15 yokusekela amaphrojekthi ochungechunge olubandayo emhlabeni wonke, ngizibonele mathupha ukuthi ukuvikela okufanele kwebhethri kuqeda kanjani isikhathi esibizayo sokuphumula, kunweba ukuphila kwemishini, futhi kugcina ukusebenza kweketango elibandayo elibucayi lisebenza kahle ngisho nasezimeni ezinzima kakhulu. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi uphatha isikhungo sokusabalalisa ukudla okuqandisiwe, indawo yokugcina imithi ebandayo, noma imboni ematasa elungisa ukudla, ukutshala imali enjongweni{4}}eyakhelwe i-forklift yesitoreji esibandayo ngokuvikelwa kwebhethri okuphrofeshinali kuzothuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwakho, kunciphise{5}}izindleko zesikhathi eside, futhi kuqinisekise ukusebenza okuphephile, okuthembekile ezindaweni{6}zezinga lokushisa eliphansi. Imiphumela engcono kakhulu ivela ekusebenzisaneni nomkhiqizi onesipiliyoni oqonda izinselele zangempela zesitoreji esibandayo futhi alethe izixazululo ezinobunjiniyela, hhayi nje ukucima{8}}-impahla yeshalofu evamile. Xhumana ne-DawnShine Forklift namuhla ukuze ucele iforklift yokugcina ebandayo engokwezifiso nesisombululo sokuvikela ibhethri, futhi wakhe uhlelo oluthembeke kakhudlwana, olusebenza kahle kakhulu lokuphatha izinto ezibandayo zebhizinisi lakho.
